6个竹种竹叶的解剖形态观察与三维构建

【目的】比较6个观赏彩叶竹种/品种叶片结构差异,了解竹类植物叶片内部解剖结构的立体图像,构建6个竹种/品种叶片三维形态结构图。【方法】以‘七彩红竹’、靓竹、菲白竹、锦竹、‘黄条金刚竹’、花叶唐竹6个彩叶竹种/品种为材料,利用石蜡切片方法,制作叶片的3个切面(垂直于中脉的横切面、平行于中脉的纵切面、平行于叶表皮的平切面),通过光学显微镜成像系统对6个竹种/品种叶片各切面解剖结构进行观察和数据测量,并通过Photoshop拼构6个竹种/品种的叶片三维结构示意图。【结果】6个竹种/品种叶片表皮系统结构相似,泡状细胞多为2~5列交错排列,上表皮脉区短细胞集中分布;叶片基本组织系统细胞构成差异显著,叶肉细胞排列紧密有规律,不同竹种叶片叶肉细胞层数、细胞大小各不相同;梭型细胞为凋亡和具生活力两种形态,‘七彩红竹’叶片内梭型细胞全部凋亡,菲白竹、锦竹、花叶唐竹叶片内梭型细胞多数凋亡,靓竹、‘黄条金刚竹’叶片内梭型细胞极少凋亡;各竹种/品种维管系统由主脉、一级脉、二级脉和小横脉构成。【结论】6个竹种/品种叶片三维结构图的建立有助于更好地了解竹叶内部结构,并为竹子系统演化以及分类提供一定的借鉴。

Abstract

【Objective】 To compare the differences in leaf structure and understand the three-dimensional images of the internal anatomical structures of six bamboo species/cultivars. 【Method】 The leaves of six bamboo species/cultivars were collected, including Indosasa hispida ‘Rainbow’, Sasaella glabra f. albostriata, Pleioblastus fortunei, Hibanobambusa tranquillans f. shiroshima, Sasaella kongosanensis ‘Aureostriatus’ and Sinobambusa tootsik var. luteoloalbostriata. For each species/cultivars, the leaf anatomical structures (transverse section: perpendicular to the transverse section of the midrib, longitudinal section: parallel to the longitudinal section of the midrib, and another section: parallel to the leaf epidermis) were obtained by paraffin sectioning and photographed under light microscopy. Then, the three-dimensional inner structures of the leaves were generated in Photoshop.【Result】 The epidermal system of the six bamboo species/cultivars was similarly structured. Most of the bulliform cells were arranged in 2-5 rows; and the short cells were concentrated near the vein area of the upper epidermis. However, there were significant differences in the basic structure of the leaf tissue system. The number of layers and the size of the mesophyll cells among the six bamboo species/cultivars were different, though the arrangement of the mesophyll cells was regular. There were two types of fusoid cells among the six species/cultivars: apoptotic and viable. The fusoid cells were apoptotic in the leaves ofIn. hispida ‘Rainbow’, most fusoid cells were apoptotic in the leaves of Pl. fortunei, H. tranquillans f. shiroshima and S. tootsik var. luteoloalbostriata, while few of the fusoid cells were apoptotic in the leaves of S. kongosanensis ‘Aureostriatus’ and S. glabra f. albostriata. The vascular system consists of the midrib, primary vein, secondary vein, and minor transverse veins. 【Conclusion】 The establishment of the three-dimensional structure of bamboo leaves helps us understand the internal structure better and provides us a reference for further classification and system evolution in bamboo.

关键词

观赏竹 /

竹叶 /

解剖特征 /

三维形态结构

Key words

ornamental bamboo /

bamboo leaves /

anatomical characteristics /

three-dimensional structure